• ALMADINAMinutes of General Assembly
  • AMANResults of BOD meeting
10:00
01 january 2014
Market Watch
Home > Issuers > Listed Securities > Securities > Company Profile Page

Islamic Arab Insurance Company

SALAMA
0.460
0.013
2.910%
Summary Period

Trading Summary -

Open Price Closing Price Previous Price Change (%) High Low
Best Buy Best Sell
Buy (Price) Buy (Volume) Sell (Price) Sell (Volume) 52 High 52 Low
Last Trade Number of Trades Volume Value
Date:
 Price:
 Volume:

Trading Summary Chart -

Historical Data

Click here to view historical data for this symbol

Daily Summary -

  • Market: DFM
  • Symbol: SALAMA
  • ISIN: AEI000301012
  • Sector: Insurance

Company Brief

Country of Origin: United Arab Emirates (U.A.E)

Islamic Arab Insurance Co. (Salama) (“the Company”) is a public shareholding company, registered in the Emirate of Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and operates through various branches in the UAE. The principal activity of the Company is the writing of all classes of general takaful and family takaful business, in accordance with Islamic Shari’a principles and in accordance with the relevant Articles of the Company and the UAE Federal Law No. 8 of 1984 (as amended) concerning commercial companies and UAE Federal Law No. 6 of 2007, concerning regulations of insurance operations.

Key Facts

ESTABLISHED

Apr 29, 1979

AUDITOR

KPMG

FISCAL YEAR END

DECEMBER

REGISTRAR

Islamic Arab Insurance Company

Board Members

CHAIRMAN

H.H.Sheikh Khaled Zayed S Al Nehayan

DEPUTY

Dr. Saleh Jameel S Malaikah

MEMBERS

Mr. Suhail Mubarak Surour Mubarak Al Daheri
Mr. Marwan Ahmad Majid Al Ghurair
Mr. Hussein Hassan Biyari

Top Management

Chief Operating Officer
Mr.Parvaiz Siddiq

Equity Profile

DATE OF LISTING:

Sep 17, 2005

SECTOR:

Insurance

AUTHORIZED CAPITAL:

1,210,000,000.00 UAE Dirham

ISSUED SHARES:

1,210,000,000.00

PER VALUE SHARE:

1.00 UAE Dirham

Subsidiaries

TARIIC Holding Co Kingdom of Bahrain 99.40 %
Salama Assurances Senegal Senegal 57.41 %
Salama Assurances Algerie Alegria 96.98 %
Salama ImmobilierSenegal81.50%
Egyptian Saudi Insurance Home Co. Egypt 51.15 %
Best Re Holding Co. Malaysia 100.00 %
SALAMA Cooperative Insurance Company KSA 30.00 %
Islamic Insurance Jordan 20.00 %
Generale d'Etudes et de Placement en Assurance R. Tunisia 20.00 %

Contact Details

Head Office:

Dubai, UAE

Address:

4th Floor, Spectrum Building, Sheikh Rashid Road, P.O. Box 10214, Dubai, UAE.

Phone No.

+9714 357 7000

Fax No.

+9714 3577418

Email address:

info@salama.ae

Website:

http://www.salama.ae/

Showing Last 10 Disclosures - SALAMA View all
SALAMA 16-05-2018 09:06 AM

Results of BOD meeting including financial statements for the 1st QTR of 2018

2 File(s)
SALAMA 16-05-2018 09:05 AM

Financial statements for the 1st QTR of 2018

1 File(s)
SALAMA 13-05-2018 09:58 AM

BOD meeting

1 File(s)
SALAMA 01-05-2018 09:36 AM

Resolutions of General Assembly

1 File(s)
SALAMA 01-05-2018 08:42 AM

Results of BOD meeting

1 File(s)
SALAMA 01-05-2018 08:38 AM

Resolutions of General Assembly

2 File(s)
SALAMA 26-04-2018 08:47 AM

Postponing General Assembly for the lack of quorum

1 File(s)
SALAMA 25-04-2018 08:44 AM

BOD meeting

1 File(s)
SALAMA 05-04-2018 09:05 AM

Invitation of General Assembly

1 File(s)
SALAMA 01-04-2018 09:38 AM

Results of BOD meeting including financial statements for the year of 2017

2 File(s)
Showing Last 10 Issuer News - SALAMA View all
SALAMA 16-02-2016 08:51 AM

Announces the appointment of Chief Operating Officer

1 File(s)
SALAMA 21-07-2013 09:30 AM

Announces the termination of its General Manager and appointment of new one

1 File(s)
Showing Last 10 Financial Reports - SALAMA View all
SALAMA 16-05-2018 09:05 AM

Financial statements for the 1st QTR of 2018

1 File(s)
SALAMA 31-12-2017 09:20 AM

Financial statements for the year of 2017

1 File(s)
SALAMA 15-11-2017 08:05 AM

Financial statements for the 3rd QTR of 2017

1 File(s)
SALAMA 30-06-2017 10:30 AM

Financial statements for the 2nd QTR of 2017

1 File(s)
SALAMA 16-05-2017 07:30 AM

Financial statements for the 1st QTR of 2017

1 File(s)
SALAMA 29-03-2017 01:17 AM

Financial statements for the year of 2016

1 File(s)
SALAMA 30-09-2016 10:30 AM

Financial statements for the 3rd QTR of 2016

1 File(s)
SALAMA 30-06-2016 01:49 AM

Financial statements for the 2nd QTR of 2016

1 File(s)
SALAMA 15-05-2016 06:37 AM

Financial statements for the 1st QTR of 2016

1 File(s)
SALAMA 11-04-2016 02:30 AM

Financial statements for the year of 2015

1 File(s)
Showing Last 10 General Meetings - SALAMA View all
May 01, 2018 09:36:00 AM - SALAMA - Resolutions of General Assembly
Meeting Date/TimeApr 30, 2018 06:00:00 PMType of MeetingGeneral Assembly
Net Profit/Loss37,509,000Cash Dividend
Bonus Share
Announcements/Resolutions
  1. Approval of the report of the Board of Directors on the Company’s activities and itsfinancial position for the financial year ended on 31/12/2017.
  2. Approvalof the Auditors’ report for the financial year ended on 31/12/2017.
  3. Approvalof the report of the Company’s Shari’ah Supervisory Committee for the financialyear ended on 31/12/2017.
  4. Approvalof the Company’s balance sheet and its profit and loss statement for the yearended 31/12/2017.
  5. Approvalof the Company’s Corporate Governance report for the year ended 31/12/2017.
  6. Approvalof re-appointment of the members of Sharia Supervisory Committee, Dr. MohamadDaud Baker, Dr. Mohamad Amin Qattan, and Dr. Amin Al Fateh for a period of onemore year.
  7. Approvalof the Board of Directors’ proposal for not distributing dividends for the yearended 2017.
  8. Dischargethe Company’s board members of the liability for the financial year ended on 31/12/2017.
  9. Dischargethe External Auditors of the liability for the financial year ended on 31/12/2017.
  10. Re-appointthe External Auditors for the year 2018, and determine their fees.

Last Date For Dividend EntitlementEx-Dividend Date
Register Closing (Settlement) DateTrading Suspension Date
Trading Resuming DateDividends Payment Date
Payment EntityMeeting VenueMovenpick Hotel- Oud Metha
1 File(s)
Apr 30, 2017 10:30:00 AM - SALAMA - Resolutions of General Assembly
Meeting Date/TimeApr 30, 2017 02:30:00 PMType of MeetingGeneral Assembly
Net Profit/Loss-174,947,000Cash Dividend
Bonus Share
Announcements/Resolutions

  1. Approval of the report of the Board of Directors on the Company’sactivities and its financial position for the financial year ended on 31/12/2016.

  2. Approval of the Auditors’ report for the financial year ended on 31/12/2016.
  3. Approvalof the report of the Company’s Sharia Supervisory Committee for the financialyear ended on 31/12/2016.
  4. Approvalof the Company’s balance sheet and its profit and loss statement for the yearended 31/12/2016.
  5. Approvalof the Company’s Corporate Governance report for the year ended 31/12/2016.
  6. Approvalof re-appointment of the members of Sharia Supervisory Committee, Dr. MohamadDawod Baker, Dr. Mohamad Amin Qattan, and Dr. Amin Al Fateh for a period ofthree years in compliance with Takaful Regulation.
  7. Approvalof the Board of Directors’ proposal for not distributing dividends for the yearended 2016.
  8. Dischargethe Company’s board members of the liability for the financial year ended on 31/12/2016.
  9. Dischargethe External Auditors of the liability for the financial year ended on 31/12/2016.
  10. Re-appointthe External Auditors for another period and determine their fees.
  11. The belowmentioned members have been elected to the Company’s Board of Directors toserve the new term of three years that expires in the year 2019:

  1. Sheikh Khalid Bin Zayed Al Nehayan

  2. Dr. Saleh J. Malaikah

  3. Mr. Marwan Ahmad Al Ghurair

  4. Mr. Suhail Mubarak Al Dhaheri

  5. Eng. Hussein Hasan Biyari








      Last Date For Dividend EntitlementEx-Dividend Date
      Register Closing (Settlement) DateTrading Suspension Date
      Trading Resuming DateDividends Payment Date
      Payment EntityMeeting VenueRaffels Hotel- Wafi City
      1 File(s)
      Apr 26, 2016 11:06:00 AM - SALAMA - Resolutions of its General Assembly
      Meeting Date/TimeApr 25, 2016 04:00:00 PMType of MeetingAnnual General Meeting
      Net Profit/Loss-162840000Cash Dividend
      Bonus Share
      Announcements/Resolutions

      1.      Approved the Board of Directors’ Report for the Company’s activity and its financial position for the financial year ended 31 December2015.

      2.      Approved the Auditors’ Report for the financial year ended 31 December 2015.

      3.      Approved the Shari’ah Supervisory Committee Report for the financial year ended 31 December 2015.

      4.      Approved the Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account of the Company for the financial year ended 31 December 2015.

      5.      Approved to appoint KPMG as External Auditors for the financial year 2016 and fixing their remuneration for AED 480,000.

      6.      Approved the nomination of following members for the Shari’ah Supervisory Committee for the next term of 3 years:

      ·         Dr. Mohammad Daud Bakar

      ·         Dr. Mohammad Amin Qattan

      ·         Dr. Amin Fateh

      7.      Approved not to distribute profits for the financial year ended 31 December 2015.

      8.      Approved to dischaarge the Board of Directors from bearing liability for the financial year ended 31 December 2015.

      9.      Approved to discharge the auditors from bearing liability for the financial year ended 31 December 2015.

      10.  Approved to amend the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Law No. 2 of 2015 for commercial companies.

      Last Date For Dividend EntitlementEx-Dividend Date
      Register Closing (Settlement) DateTrading Suspension Date
      Trading Resuming DateDividends Payment Date
      Payment EntityMeeting VenueRaffles Hotel, Wafi City
      1 File(s)
      May 03, 2015 03:30:00 PM - SALAMA - Resolutions of its AGM
      Meeting Date/TimeApr 30, 2015 04:00:00 PMType of MeetingAnnual General Meeting
      Net Profit/Loss17933000Cash Dividend
      Bonus Share
      Announcements/Resolutions

      1-The Company’s Financials were reviewed by the Board of Directors and approved for the period of 31/12/2014.

      2-The Auditing report for the period of 31/12/2014  was validated and approved.

      3-The Consolidated financial statements of the company for the year end period of 31/12/2014 was discussed and approved.

      4-The Company’s Corporate Governance Report for the period of 31/12/2014 was discussed and approved.

      5-The Shari’ah Supervisory Board’s report and Fatwa for the period of 31/12/2014 was reviewed and approved.

      6-The Proposal of not distributing Dividends for the year end period of 31/12/2014 was approved.

      7-Discharge of the members of the respected Board of Directors and Auditors from bearing liabilities for the financial year end period of 31/12/2014 was approved.

      8-Approval of appointing ‘’KPMG’’ – as External Auditors for the financial year end period of 31/12/2015 and set their fees of services in the amount of Dhs. 410,000/-.

      Last Date For Dividend EntitlementEx-Dividend Date
      Register Closing (Settlement) DateTrading Suspension Date
      Trading Resuming DateDividends Payment Date
      Payment EntityMeeting VenueRaffles Hotel, Wafi City, Dubai
      1 File(s)
      May 01, 2014 07:46:00 AM - SALAMA - Resolutions of its AGM held on 30/04/2014
      Meeting Date/TimeApr 30, 2014 04:30:00 PMType of MeetingAnnual General Meeting
      Net Profit/Loss-60245000Cash Dividend0
      Bonus Share0
      Announcements/Resolutions


      1. سماع تقرير مجلس الإدارة عن نشاط الشركة ومركزها المالي للسنة المالية المنتهية في 31/12/2013 والتصديق علية وتمت الموافقة على البند المذكور.
      2. سماع تقرير مدققي حسابات الشركة عن السنة المالية المنتهية في 31/12/2013 وقد تمت الموافقة على البند المذكور.
      3. مناقشة ميزانية الشركة وحساب الأرباح والخسائر عن السنة المالية المنتهية في 31/12/2013 والتصديق علية وقد تمت الموافقة على البند المذكور.
      4. مناقشة تقرير الحوكمة للشركة عن العام المنتهي في 31/12/2013 وقد تمت الموافقة على البند المذكور.
      5.الإطلاع على تقرير هيئة الفتوى والرقابة الشرعية واعتماده. وقد تمت الموافقة على البند المذكور.
      6. إبراء ذمة أعضاء مجلس الإدارة ومدققي الحسابات من المسؤولية عن السنة المالية المنتهية في 31/12/2013 وقد تمت الموافقة على البند المذكور.
      7. تمت الموافقة على تعيين السادة KPMG/ كمدققي حسابات للشركة عن السنة المالية المنتهية في 31/12/2013 وححدت أتعابهم بمبلغ 410000 درهم
      8. اعادة تعيين لجنة الرقابة الشرعية المكونة من السادة العلماء الدكتور محمد داود بكار والدكتور محمد أمين قطان والدكتو أمين الفاتح لمدة ثلاث سنوات وفقا لنظام التأمين التكافلي، وقد تمت الموافقة على البند المذكور.
      9. انتخاب أعضاء مجلس الإدارة السادة التالية أسمائهم:
      الشيخ خالد بن زايد بن صقر آل نهيان - عضو غير تنفيذي
      د. صالح جميل ملائكة - عضو تنفيذي
      السيد سهيل مبارك سرور الظاهري - عضو مستقل
      السيد مروان أحمد الغرير - عضو مستقل
      السبد حسين حسن بياري - عضو مستقل

      Last Date For Dividend EntitlementWednesday, May 07, 2014Ex-Dividend DateThursday, May 08, 2014
      Register Closing (Settlement) DateSunday, May 11, 2014Trading Suspension Date
      Trading Resuming DateDividends Payment Date
      Payment EntityMeeting VenueRaffles Hotel Wafi City Dubai
      1 File(s)
      May 01, 2013 02:30:00 PM - SALAMA - AGM resolutions 2013
      Meeting Date/TimeApr 30, 2013 04:30:00 PMType of MeetingAnnual General Meeting
      Net Profit/Loss(382,464,000.00)Cash Dividend0%
      Bonus Share0%
      Announcements/ResolutionsThe ratification of the report of the Governing Council on the activities of the company and its financial position for the financial year ended 31/12/2012
      Adoption of the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the financial year ended 31/12/2012
      The ratification of the company's auditors report for the same period
      The ratification of the Corporate Governance Report for the year ended 31/12/2012
      The ratification of the report of the Fatwa and Sharia Supervisory and adoption
      The ratification of the Board of Directors proposal not to distribute dividends for the financial year ended 31/12/2012
      Discharge of the members of the Board of Directors and auditors for the financial year ended 31/12/2012
      Assigned to the company's auditors for the financial year 2013 and determine their fees
      Last Date For Dividend EntitlementEx-Dividend Date
      Register Closing (Settlement) DateTrading Suspension Date
      Trading Resuming DateDividends Payment Date
      Payment EntityMeeting VenueHall Algiza (1) - Raffles Hotel Dubai
      1 File(s)
      May 01, 2013 07:52:00 AM - SALAMA - Resolutions of its AGM held on 30/04/2013
      Meeting Date/TimeApr 30, 2013 04:30:00 PMType of MeetingAnnual General Meeting
      Net Profit/Loss-382,464,000Cash Dividend
      Bonus Share
      Announcements/ResolutionsView related documents
      Last Date For Dividend EntitlementEx-Dividend Date
      Register Closing (Settlement) DateTrading Suspension Date
      Trading Resuming DateDividends Payment Date
      Payment EntityMeeting VenueRaffles Hotel Gizza 1
      1 File(s)
      May 06, 2012 11:15:00 AM - salama - Announces the resolutions of its Annual General Meeting held on 26/04/2012
      Meeting Date/TimeApr 26, 2012 04:30:00 PMType of MeetingAnnual General Meeting
      Net Profit/Loss60,039,000 AEDCash DividendN/A
      Bonus ShareN/A
      Announcements/Resolutions Hear the report of the Board of Directors for the company's activities and financial position for the financial year ended 31/12/2011 was approved on the item in question. Discussion of the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the financial year ended 31/12/2011 was approved on the item in question. Hear the report of the company's auditors for the financial year ended 31/12/2011 was approved on the item in question. Discuss the report of governance of the Company for the year ending 31/12/2011 and adoption has been approved for the item in question. The report of the Fatwa and Shari'a Supervisory Board has approved the item in question. Consider a proposal to the Board of Directors not to distribute dividends for the financial year ended 31/12/2011 was approved on the item in question. Discharge of the members of the Board of Directors and Auditors of the responsibility for the financial year ended 31/12/2011 was approved on the item in question. Was app
      Last Date For Dividend EntitlementN/AEx-Dividend DateN/A
      Register Closing (Settlement) DateN/ATrading Suspension DateN/A
      Trading Resuming DateN/ADividends Payment Date
      Payment EntityMeeting VenueAlgiza Hall (1) - Raffles Hotel Dubai - Wafi City
      1 File(s)
      Jul 13, 2011 12:25:00 PM - salama - Announces the resolutions of its Annual General Meeting held on 28/04/2011
      Meeting Date/TimeApr 28, 2011 04:00:00 PMType of MeetingAnnual General Meeting
      Net Profit/Loss55,312,000 AEDCash Dividend
      Bonus Share10%
      Announcements/Resolutions- Approved BOD & auditors reports for the year ended 31/12/2010 - Approved the Fatwa and Sharia Supervisory - Approved distributing 10% bonus shares for the year ended 31/12/2010 - Approved the financial statements for the year ended 31/12/2010 - Discharged & released the BOD members from liabilities during the year ending 31/12/2010 - Approved to rename the Fatwa & Sharia Supervisory to Fatwa & Sharia Committee & re-structure its members for the upcoming 3 years - Approved to appoint KPMG as auditors for the year 2011 & determined their remuneration - Approved to have same BOD members until its upcoming AGM
      Last Date For Dividend Entitlement04/05/2011Ex-Dividend Date07/05/2011
      Register Closing (Settlement) Date08/05/2011Trading Suspension Date
      Trading Resuming DateDividends Payment Date
      Payment EntityMeeting VenueRaffles Hotel, Wafi City, Dubai
      Jul 13, 2011 12:08:00 PM - salama - Announces the resolutions of its Annual General Meeting held on 22/06/2011
      Meeting Date/TimeJun 22, 2011 06:00:00 PMType of MeetingAnnual General Meeting
      Net Profit/Loss55,312,000 AEDCash Dividend
      Bonus Share
      Announcements/Resolutions- Elected the Chairman, the Deputy Chairman, the Managing Director & the CEO - Authentication of the independent BOD members - Formed the Audit Committee -Formed the Election & Remuneration Committee
      Last Date For Dividend EntitlementEx-Dividend Date
      Register Closing (Settlement) DateTrading Suspension Date
      Trading Resuming DateDividends Payment Date
      Payment EntityMeeting VenueGrand Hyatt Hotel
      Top ShareholdersLast Refreshed at: 24 May 2018

      Individual Investors

      ShareholdersPercentage
      رصد انحاء العالم للاستثمارات التجاريه 5.00%

      Associated Groups

      Group NameShareholdersGroup Percentage
      SH.KHALED ZAYED ALNEHAYAN
      نور العين لاداره المنشات ش ذ م م 10.86%
      الوجناء القابضه ش .ذ.م.م 6.00%
      عوافى القابضه ش .ذ.م.م 5.00%
      سره القابضه ش .ذ.م.م 5.00%
      الاول القابضه ش .ذ.م.م 2.50%
      حور العين للوساطه التجاريه ش ذ م م 1.82%
      دبا القابضه ش .ذ.م.م 1.00%
      واحه الهير للتجاره العامه (ش ذ م م) 0.91%
      		33.09%
      • 1 EN
        1

        Article of Association - 0001

      Foreign Investments View all
      National GCC Arab Other Nationalities
      Country of Origin Actual Permitted Actual Permitted Actual Permitted Actual Permitted As of Date:
      United Arab Emirates 76.97% 100% 7.91% 25% 8.57% 25% 6.55% 25% 24-05-2018
      Showing Last 10 Corporate Governance Reports - SALAMA View all
      • EN
        11-04-2018

        SALAMA_CGR_2017

      • EN
        31-12-2015

        Corporate Governance Report - SALAMA 2015

      • EN
        01-01-2011

        Corporate Governance Report SALAMA 2011

      Showing Corporate Actions - SALAMA View all
      May 4, 2011 - Bonus Shares
      Year2011Corporate Action TypeBonus Shares
      Last Date For Action Entitlement5/4/2011Ex-Dividend Date5/7/2011
      Register Closing (Settlement) Date5/8/2011Trading Suspension DateNot Available
      Trading Resuming DateNot AvailableRun (Effective) Date5/8/2011
      Corporate Action DetailsDistributed 10% bonus shares as approved in its AGM on 28/04/2011
      May 5, 2006 - Bonus shares
      Year2006Corporate Action TypeBonus shares
      Last Date For Action Entitlement5/5/2006Ex-Dividend Date5/6/2006
      Register Closing (Settlement) Date5/7/2006Trading Suspension DateNot Available
      Trading Resuming DateNot AvailableRun (Effective) Date5/7/2006
      Corporate Action DetailsIssue bonus shares in the ratio of 10% activated as agreed at the AGM
      Disclaimer
      • Ownership percentage is subject to change based on several reasons including the following:
        1. Trading activity.
        2. Off-Market Transactions such as family and inheritance transfers.
        3. Changes in the nationality status of investors.
        4. Securities deposits and withdrawals to and from DFM for Dual listed companies.
        5. Capital increase by issuing new shares to a strategic investor.
        6. Converting Bonds into shares.
        7. Equity added to the equity of the associated group.
        8. Direct Deals.

       

      Percentages are updated daily after 4 pm
      Disclaimer
      The above published Ownership Percentages:

      • Are updated daily at the end of every trading day based on date of trade and not settlement date.

      • The ownership percentages are rounded off to 2 decimal places

      • Ownership percentages are subject to change due to the following:

        1. Trading activities.

        2. Off-Market Transactions such as family and inheritance transfers.

        3. Changes in the nationality status of investors.

        4. Securities deposits and withdrawals to and from DFM for Dual listed companies.

        5. Capital increases, by issuing new shares to Strategic investor

        6. Converting bonds or Sukuk into shares.

        7. Changes of associated group’s ownership.

        8. Direct Deals. (The ownership percentage is changed immediately after the execution of the deal).

        9. Failed trade settlement.


      DISCLAIMER

      The information provided in this document is only available in Arabic due to the (Dubai court attestations only being in Arabic herein after referred thereto as (“Information”) is provided by way of general information and comment only. While reasonable care has been taken in producing this Information, changes in circumstances may occur at any time and may impact on the accuracy of the Information. The Information does not constitute professional advice or provision of any kind of services and should not be relied upon as such.  Dubai Financial Market (“DFM”) and/or its affiliates, officers or employees,  does not give any warranty or representation as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness or completeness of the Information now or in the future. DFM shall not be liable for any loss suffered, directly or indirectly by any person acting in reliance upon the Information contained herein. 


      DISCLAIMER

      Dubai Financial Market herein after referred to as DFM attempts to ensure data and content on the Website is accurate, there is no charge for provision of data and DFM can only devote limited resources to the Website and any data. Content is only made available "AS IS" and on an "AS AVAILABLE" basis and may not always be accurate or up to date. Content may or may not have been prepared by DFM but is made available without responsibility on the part of DFM. DFM does not guarantee the accuracy, timeliness, completeness, performance or fitness for a particular purpose of the Website or any of the content. No responsibility is accepted by or on behalf of DFM for any errors, omissions, or inaccurate content.